Warning signs may occur in children going through different kinds of trauma or difficult situations. Children and teens may display a wide variety of warning signs. Any one warning sign — or even several — may or may not mean a child has been sexually abused. If you notice behavioral warning signs, remain calm, gather more information, listen carefully and decide if you need help. If you recognize any physical indications, or if a child hints at or discloses sexual abuse, please call the police or child protective services and seek professional help immediately.
Knowing the warning signs of sexual assault — and how to respond — can help you make a difference for someone you care about. Many victims of sexual assault talk about being afraid they won’t be believed, feeling isolated and being unsure of who to turn to for help and support.
Some of the indicators of sexual assault in adults can also be caused by other sudden life changes or another traumatic event. As a friend or family member, it’s OK to gently ask about what is happening and let them know you care.
Vulnerable populations, including individuals with physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities and elders, have significantly higher incidence of sexual assault than the general population. Individuals with cognitive disabilities are not able to consent to sexual acts because of their inability to understand what is happening (e.g., intellectual disabilities, Alzheimer’s or dementia). For numerous reasons, individuals with physical disabilities may not be able to consent because of physical limitations or power differentials. It may be especially difficult or impossible for these populations to talk about what happened. Therefore, listen or watch carefully for any disclosure of sexual abuse or any unwanted sexual contact. Be particularly aware of any physical signs or behaviors that might indicate abuse.